What Is Cyanocobalamin?
Vitamins are necessary for normal blood formation (formation and maturation of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 contains cobalt and also known as cobalamin is a dissolvable vitamins that involves RBC production, brain health, and DNA synthesis.
However, cyanocobalamin is synthesized in the human body. Sources of the vitamin are intestinal microflora, as well as animal products (yeast, milk, meat, liver, kidneys, fish, and egg yolk). Human milk contains vitamin B12 in the form of methylcobalamin, the main form in which the vitamin is found in the human body.
What does cyanocobalamin do for the body?
During digestion in the stomach, cyanocobalamin binds to Castle’s intrinsic factor, a protein synthesized by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, which also produce hydrochloric acid. In the ileum, this complex is absorbed; in the cells of the mucous membrane, vitamin B12 is released and binds to a protein — transcobalamin, which delivers cyanocobalamin to the liver and other tissues.
In addition, Vitamin B12 deposition is mainly in the liver. And, a large amount of it is absorbed by the kidneys, and spleen and less by the muscles. The total reserves of cobalamin in the body of an adult are about 2–5 mg. Vitamin metabolism is very slow. It is excreted by bile, in the intestine, the main part of it is reabsorbed, that is, it is characterized by enterohepatic circulation.
For the development of vitamin deficiency with a reduced intake of it into the body, it may take a long time ie. about 5–6 years. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in metabolic processes; as part of cobalamin enzymes, it participates in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Vitamin B12 has two coenzyme forms: methylcobalamin and deoxy-adenosyl-cobalamin (cobamamide). The main function of active forms of coenzymes is the transfer of methyl one-carbon groups (transmethylation). Participate in the exchange of proteins and nucleic acids (synthesis of methionine, acetate, deoxyribonucleotides).
What are cyanocobalamin side effects?
There are various side effects of Cyanocobalamin include:
● injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling, irritation)
● diarrhea
● nausea
● upset stomach
● itching
● rash
● Fever
● headache
● dizziness
● weakness
● numbness or tingling,
● joint pain
● swelling on the body
Cyanocobalamin can also cause low potassium levels in the blood. You should consult your doctor if you have unlikely but serious side effects of cyanocobalamin such as muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat.
Dosage for Cyanocobalamin
You can intake 100 mcg of cyanocobalamin daily for 6 or 7 days. Moreover, it can be administered by intramuscular or deep subcutaneous injection.
What is cyanocobalamin vitamin B12 used for?
Cyanocobalamin is a coenzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism of folic acid, in particular, it is involved in its transport to cells. With the participation of methylcobalamin, an active form of folic acid is synthesized in the body, which takes part in the formation of pyrimidine and purine bases, nucleic acids.
With a lack of cobalamin, the most pronounced changes develop in proliferating cells, for example, in cells of the bone marrow, oral cavity, tongue, and gastrointestinal tract, which leads to impaired hematopoiesis, glossitis, stomatitis, and intestinal malabsorption.
Vitamin B12 contributes to the accumulation of sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes, mainly glutathione, therefore its deficiency leads to impaired division and maturation of erythrocytes and the development of megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for the enzyme homocysteine methyltransferase, which is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Methionine is important for the synthesis of phospholipids and the myelin sheath of neurons, therefore, vitamin B12 deficiency is accompanied by neurological symptoms (mental disorders, polyneuritis, funicular myeloid — spinal cord damage).
The neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency vary depending on the severity of the pathology. Early signs include dysfunction of the posterior horns of the spinal cord with gait disturbance. Later, they develop a lesion of the pyramidal, spinocerebellar and spinothalamic tracts, accompanied by muscle weakness, progressive spasticity, hyperreflexia, and a scissor gait. With prolonged vitamin B12 deficiency, dementia and neuropsychiatric disease occur.
Cyanocobalamin, participating in the synthesis of choline and methionine, has a beneficial effect on the liver, prevents the development of fatty hepatosis. Adenosylcobalamin serves as a coenzyme of methyl malonyl-CoA mutase, an enzyme that converts methylmalonic acid to succinic acid. Significant inhibition of this reaction leads to the development of a life-threatening condition — methylmalonic aciduria. Clinically, this condition is manifested by a significant child’s lag in weight, reduced protein tolerance, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and hyperglycemia, high content of methylmalonic acid in the urine. The disease is not accompanied by the development of megaloblastic anemia.
Disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism are observed in infants with a genetically determined defect in the enzymes necessary to convert vitamin B12 into a coenzyme, or low levels of plasma carrier protein. The developing megaloblastic anemia manifests itself already in the first weeks or months of life and is characterized by a normal or slightly reduced level of vitamin B12 in the blood.
In contrast, with anemia that develops as a result of malabsorption, a low level of vitamin B12 is always detected. Cyanocobalamin deficiency often develops in the elderly and manifests itself as a neurological disorder.
Detection limits: 125.0 pg / ml-8000.0 pg / ml. If the concentration of vitamin B12 in serum is below the detection limit, the result will be given as <125.0 pg/ml.
Conclusion:-
Cyanocobalamin is considered as a synthetic form of vitamin B12 which is converted to the natural forms of adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin. In addition, our body may absorb cyanocobalamin better, while methylcobalamin has a higher retention rate. Also, be sure to combine it with a healthy, well-balanced diet to meet your nutritional needs and to optimize your health. You can also use Frunutta Cyanocobalamin 1,000 mcg supplements in case of deficiency after consulting your health specialist with the recommended dosage ie. according to your body requirement.
